Paternal and maternal lineages
Where each of the world’s main family lines is common today, how old it is, and the ancient people who carried it.
Paternal lines (Y-DNA)
- J1The Arab and Semitic line
- J-P58The Arab and Semitic line of Arabia and the Levant
- J2The Anatolian, Iranian and Mediterranean line
- E-M123A Levantine and Mediterranean line
- E-M84A Levantine and Arabian branch of E-M123
- E-M81North Africa’s Berber line
- E-V13The Balkan and Mediterranean line
- E-M2The great West African line
- E-M35The North African and Mediterranean line
- R1aThe Eastern European and South Asian line
- R-Z93The South and Central Asian steppe line
- R-Z282The Eastern European steppe line
- R1bThe Western European line
- R-M269Western Europe’s most common paternal line
- R-L21The Atlantic Celtic line
- R-U106The Germanic line
- GThe line of the first farmers
- TA Middle Eastern and East African line
- LA South Asian and Middle Eastern line
- HA South Asian line
- I1The Scandinavian and North Sea line
- I2The Balkan and Eastern European line
- QThe main Native American line
- OThe most common line in East Asia
- NThe Uralic line
- CAn East Asian, Siberian and Oceanian line
Maternal lines (mitochondrial DNA)
- mtDNA HEurope’s most common maternal line
- mtDNA HVThe Near Eastern and Caucasian line
- mtDNA JA Near Eastern line that spread through Europe
- mtDNA TThe line that came with the first farmers
- mtDNA UAn old western Eurasian line, older than farming
- mtDNA U5Europe’s oldest maternal line
- mtDNA U6The North African Berber line
- mtDNA KA European and Near Eastern line
- mtDNA R0The Arabian and Near Eastern line
- mtDNA NThe other line that left Africa
- mtDNA MOne of the two lines that left Africa
- mtDNA L3The line that walked out of Africa
- mtDNA L2The West African line
- mtDNA L1The Central and West African line
- mtDNA L0The oldest maternal lines on earth
- mtDNA XA Near Eastern, European and North African line
- mtDNA IA quieter European and Near Eastern line
- mtDNA WA thin line running from Europe to South Asia
- mtDNA VA Western European and North African line
- mtDNA M1The North and East African line
- mtDNA AA founding line of the Americas
- mtDNA BThe East Asian and Polynesian line
- mtDNA CThe Siberian and American line
- mtDNA DThe East Asian and American line